Bogen Stereo Amplifier X300 User Manual

Black Max Amplifier  
X300, X450, & X600 Models  
Installation and Use Manual  
© 2001 Bogen Communications, Inc.  
All rights reserved. 54-2063-01R2 0109  
 
Contents  
Page  
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................1  
Package Contents................................................................................................................................1  
PANEL DESCRIPTIONS..................................................................................................2-3  
Black Max Front Panel........................................................................................................................2  
Black Max Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................3  
INSTALLATION ..............................................................................................................4-5  
Mechanical Components....................................................................................................................4  
Ventilation..............................................................................................................................................5  
Rack Mounting......................................................................................................................................5  
Rear Rack Mounting............................................................................................................................5  
Table Mounting ....................................................................................................................................5  
CONNECTIONS..................................................................................................................6  
Speakers ................................................................................................................................................6  
Inputs......................................................................................................................................................6  
SEQUENTIAL TURN-ON..........................................................................................................................7  
Sequential Turn-On Operation ........................................................................................................7  
OPERATION ....................................................................................................................8-9  
Front Controls & Indicators ............................................................................................................8  
Rear Controls & Indicators ..............................................................................................................8  
TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................................................................................10  
SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................11  
 
Introduction  
Bogen's Black Max™ amplifiers deliver on what professional sound installers need most: Power and Reliability.  
Power  
With three different models (X600, X450, and X300), the Black Max series provides 2 independent channels of  
amplification at 600W, 450W, and 300W per channel into 70V constant voltage speaker loads safely and secure-  
ly. Located on the rear of the amplifier are the Level Controls, Low-Cut Filter Switch, and pluggable input ter-  
minal strip for each amplifier channel. These amplifiers are powerful (with total system power of 1200W,900W  
and 600W with both channels driven), but they are also compact - using up only 2 rack spaces (3-1/2") in a  
standard 19" rack.  
Reliability and Functionality  
Driven by a conservatively-rated toroidal power transformer, these amplifiers are built for solid performance  
with low distortion and a high slew rate.The amplifiers require little maintenance and cleaning as internal elec-  
tronic components are located outside of the forced air stream flow. Front-mounted fan filters provide easy  
removal and cleaning.  
Black Max amplifiers have a variety of electronic protection circuits including overcurrent,DC voltage,and ther-  
mal circuits. A special Clip/Limiting circuit continuously monitors the amount of distortion in the output signal  
and reduces input levels as the amplifier approaches clipping. Back-Slope™ AC Voltage Stabilization, Bogen’s  
unique voltage stabilization circuitry, regulates the AC energy supplied from the power toroid.This improves  
both system performance and reliability despite varying AC supply conditions.  
An energy-conserving sleep mode (defeatable) with instant-on return signal operation reduces wasted heat  
production in paging systems with intermittent use. In addition, large output heatsinks and dual independently-  
controlled, high-output, variable speed fans provide superior cooling and quiet operation while reducing dust  
accumulation.  
A simple and reliable sequential turn-on feature minimizes in-rush current from the AC power mains.When  
multiple Black Max amplifiers are daisy-chained together for sequential turn-on, the first amplifier in the series  
will control the powering up of the other amplifiers with approximately 1 second of delay between units.  
Turning off the first amplifier causes all amplifiers to turn off.  
Package Contents  
* Black Max Amplifier (Model X600, X450, or X300)  
* 2 Rack Ears for Mounting  
* Instruction Manual  
* 2 Filters and Grilles  
* 4 Rubber Feet & Screws  
* 2 three-position, 1 four-position  
Terminal Strips  
1
 
Panel Descriptions  
Black Max Front Panel  
1. Status Indicators  
The Status LEDs are multi-purpose indicators, one for each channel.  
Green - Amplifier is on and operating normally.  
Amber - Amplifier is in low-power consumption Sleep Mode.  
Red - Amplifier has protected itself due to a fault condition.  
2. Signal Indicators  
Three illuminate green when signal is present at the output, one for each channel.  
3. Limit Indicators  
These indicators illuminate amber when excessive signal levels or very low impedance output loads cause out-  
put distortion to exceed a few percent Under such conditions, a built-in Clip/Limiting circuit activates and  
reduces input signal levels to protect both amplifier and speaker loads. One for each channel.  
4. Power Switch/Circuit Breaker  
Magnetic circuit breaker controls AC power to the amplifier.  
5. Fan Air Intake and Grilles  
Air intakes for 2 independent, variable speed cooling fans. Each responds as needed to keep the amplifier cool  
while reducing dust build-up. Removable fan grilles are provided to allow access to the dust filters for cleaning.  
2
 
Panel Descriptions  
Black Max Rear Panel  
1. High-Impedance Balanced Inputs  
Pluggable 3-position terminal strips allow for easy installation and provide convenient connections to high-  
impedance balanced inputs.  
2. Input Level Controls  
Continuously variable input level controls.  
3. Lo-Cut Filters  
Roll off frequencies below 60Hz (2nd order) to prevent saturation of speaker transformers. Flush switch actu-  
ators reduce tampering.  
4.Automatic Sleep Mode  
Allows the unit to automatically put itself into a sleep mode when there has been no input activity for more  
than 3 minutes. In sleep mode, the amplifier’s idle power is greatly reduced. The amplifier immediately and  
noiselessly returns to its full-powered state when a signal is detected at an input. Flush switch actuators reduce  
tampering.  
5. Power Sequencing Inputs  
Multiple Black Max amplifiers can be wired together in a daisy chain to allow for controlled sequential power-  
up.A pluggable terminal strip is provided for easy installation.  
6. Power Sequencing Switch  
Turns power sequencing on or off so that an amplifier can be controlled by either its front circuit breaker switch  
or by another Black Max amplifier. Flush switch actuators reduce tampering.  
7.AC Power Status Indicator  
Indicates the AC power status of the Black Max amplifier.When the indicator is off, no AC power is applied to  
the line cord.When amber, power is applied to the line cord but no sequential trigger has been received to  
place the amplifier into a fully powered up state (or power switch is off).When green, the amplifier is fully pow-  
ered.  
8. GroundTerminal  
Provides convenient access to earth ground.  
9. SpeakerTerminals  
Connects to 70V constant voltage speaker loads. One set for each amplifier section.Accepts up to #10 AWG  
wire or spade lugs for speaker system connections.  
10. Fan Exhausts  
Cooling air outlets for independent, variable speed cooling fans.  
3
 
Installation  
Mechanical Components  
1. Rack Ears  
Prior to installing the amplifier in to a 19" rack, you will need to attach the rack ears. Remove and save the 6  
front most cover screws on each side panel of the amplifier. Position the rack ears as shown and attach using  
the 6 screws.  
2. Dust Filter  
Insert the dust filter into the fan grille before attaching the fan grille to the amplifier.  
Filter Maintenance  
Dust filters are provided with the Black Max amplifier to reduce the build up of dust on the heatsinks. Periodic  
cleaning should be done when there is a noticeable build up of dust on the filters. To clean the filters, remove  
them from the grilles and wash, vacuum, or tap them out. Promptly replace them.  
Caution:  
The fan blades are accessible when the grille cover and filter are removed.  
Be careful not to place your finger or other objects into the fan.  
3. Fan Grille  
To attach the fan grilles: first, slide the tabs on the wider end of the grille in to the notches in the front, center  
casting.Snap the other end of the grille in to the snap slots.Check that the grille is securely in place. To remove,  
pry the end of the cover closest to the rack ears up until the snap tabs disengage.  
4
 
Installation  
Ventilation  
The Black Max amplifiers were designed to be placed on a table or rack-mounted. For rack-mounted applica-  
tions, the amplifiers can be stacked one on top of the other for maximum use of the rack space available with-  
out any extra, empty rack spaces between them.  
An open air space of at least 4" must be provided at the front air intakes of the amplifier and the rear exhaust  
must have at least 4" between itself and obstructions to ensure adequate cooling. This applies to both rack-  
and table-mounted amplifiers.  
Care should also be taken to ensure that the front intake air is not considerably warmer than the ambient air  
temperature. Mount the amplifiers low in the rack so that heat dissipation from other equipment does not  
warm the amplifier's intake air.  
Rack Mounting  
Rack ears are included with the amplifier to allow  
mounting in 19" racks.Attach the rack ears as shown  
in the Mechanical Components section. If any feet have  
been attached to the bottom of the amplifier, remove  
them. Load the amplifier into the rack and secure it  
to the rack with appropriate hardware (not included).  
Rear Rack Mounting  
(Optional accessory, not included)  
For greater rear support when rack mounting a Black  
Max amplifier, the RPK86 Rack Mounting Kit can be  
attached to the rear of the amplifier by following  
these steps:  
1. Remove and save the three rear most cover  
screws from the chassis side.  
2. Position the rack attachment as shown.  
3. Replace and tighten the three cover screws to  
secure the rack attachments.  
4. Repeat on opposite side of amplifier.  
Table Mounting  
Feet are provided with the amplifier to allow it to be  
placed on a tabletop. Attach the included feet to the  
bottom of the amplifier as shown. Attachment of the  
rack ears to the unit is optional and purely aesthetic.  
5
 
Connections  
Speakers  
70V "Transformer-Coupled" Speakers  
The Black Max series was designed to drive only 70V constant volt-  
age type speaker loads. The use of low-impedance speakers may  
cause the amplifier to engage its protection circuits and shut down  
or limit amplifier function. The speaker terminals can accept up to  
a #10 AWG wire or spade lug and have integral clamping plates  
which make wiring easier.The polarity of each set of speaker out-  
puts (A & B) is indicated with a "+" and "-" sign. Use these indica-  
tors to ensure that the phasing of the speakers are correct. Do not  
ground the "+" output of either set of outputs. Doing so will cause  
the amplifier to go into protect mode, shutting down operation of  
the effected channel.  
Note:The "+" and "-" indicators are mirrored on "A" and "B" outputs.  
Be sure to make the correct connections.  
Earth GroundTerminal  
The earth ground terminal is provided as a convenient means to  
connect to the amplifier’s chassis/AC ground, if necessary. DO  
NOT connect the earth ground terminal to the "+" terminals of  
either output. No damage will occur if this is done, but the amplifi-  
er will go into protect mode and shut down the effected channel.  
Inputs  
Balanced Input Connections  
Balanced input connections are used when the  
source device provides a balanced output (sig-  
nal "+", signal "-", and ground "G").This type of  
connection is desirable when operating in elec-  
trically noisy environments, where long input  
cable runs are needed, or to ensure the lowest  
noise operation. If compatible with the source  
device, this type of connection is recommend-  
ed.  
Unbalanced Input Connections  
When the source device provides only an  
unbalanced output (signal and ground), the  
input should be wired with "-" input shorted to  
ground (G).The unbalanced signal's shield wire  
is connected to ground and the signal hot wire  
is connected to the "+" terminal. Since unbal-  
anced connections do not provide the same  
amount of noise immunity that a balanced con-  
nection does, the connection distances should  
be made as short as possible.  
6
 
SequentialTurn-On  
SequentialTurn-On Operation  
Black Max amplifiers contain a sequential turn-on feature that is designed to turn on a bank of Black Max ampli-  
fiers, one at a time, in sequence with approximately 1 second between each amplifier. This type of sequencing  
of power is necessary in large systems where the in-rush current of all the system amplifiers turning on at once  
would overload the AC mains supplying the system.  
The first amplifier in the chain will act as the master amplifier controlling the power-up for the group.When it  
is switched on, it will initiate the power up sequence.  
To prepare/wire multiple Black Max amplifiers for sequential turn-on operation, do the following:  
Preparation & Wiring  
Turn off all amplifiers and unplug from AC.  
The amps should be wired together in a daisy chain fash-  
ion.Wire the XMT connections of one amp to the RCV  
connections of the next amp as shown in the diagram.  
This pattern is continued until all the desired amplifiers  
are connected.The last amplifier in the chain has no con-  
nections on its XMT terminals,and the first amplifier has  
no connection to its RCV terminals.  
Note: The RCV and XMT terminals have both polarity  
and number indicators.In daisy chaining the amplifiers,the  
same connection pattern is used: Pin 4 ("+") XMT of the  
previous amp to Pin 2 ("+") RCV of the next amp and Pin  
3 ("-") XMT of the previous amp to Pin 1 ("-") RCV of the  
next amp.  
Switch Settings  
The position of the Power Sequencing Switch of the  
Black Max is important in sequencing setup.The master  
amplifier’s Power Sequencing Switch MUST be set to  
OFF. By setting the switch to OFF, this amplifier will turn  
on and off directly by its front Power Switch. All other  
amplifiers in the chain MUST have their Power  
Sequencing switches in the ON position so that they  
respond to the sequencing signals. All slave amplifiers  
MUST have their front Power Switch set to the ON  
position, with the exception of the master amplifier.  
To Begin the Power Up Sequence  
Turn on the first amplifier in the chain. All others will  
follow in sequence with a 1 second delay between them.  
Power Down of Sequenced Amplifiers  
When the first amplifier in the chain of sequenced ampli-  
fiers is switched off, all other amplifiers will also switch  
off immediately.  
Troubleshooting Sequencing Problems  
If an amplifier in the chain does not have its front Power Switch set to ON, it will not power up. However, all  
other amps that follow that amplifier will continue to sequence. If an amplifier in the chain does not have its  
Power Sequencing Switch in the ON position, it will break the daisy chain. It will, in effect, become a second  
master amplifier controlling all amps that follow it. In this case, if the Power Switch for this amp is switched off,  
the sequencing will stop at that amplifier. If this amplifier’s Power Sequencing Switch is set to ON, then all ampli-  
fiers following it will have already begun to sequence.  
Should an amplifier in the sequence shut off either by tripping its circuit breaker or by someone turning the  
Power Switch OFF, only that amplifier will lose power.All units that follow will remain powered up. If however,  
AC power is removed from an amplifier by unplugging the power cord, all other amps following it will immedi-  
ately power down.An amplifier in the chain going into or coming out of low power sleep mode will have no  
effect on the group.  
7
 
Operation  
Front Controls & Indicators  
Power Switch  
The Power Switch for the Black Max amplifier is located on the front  
of the unit. Press the "I" side of the switch to turn the unit ON.The  
amplifier will begin its power up process once turned on. If the amplifi-  
er is set up for power sequencing (see the section on power sequenc-  
ing), the amplifier may not begin its power up process but rather wait  
in a standby state until it receives a sequence trigger.  
O
I
The Power Switch is also the amplifier’s circuit breaker. Should the  
breaker trip, simply place it in the OFF position and then back to ON  
to reset the breaker.  
Note: If the Power Sequencing Switch is in the ON position, but the wiring  
is not properly configured, the unit will appear dead. Review the Sequential  
Turn-On section for proper wiring.  
Front Indicators  
The front of the Black Max amplifier contains 3 different types of indi-  
cators for each channel.  
LIMIT - When illuminated, it indicates a condition in which the ampli-  
fier is limiting and automatically reducing signal level to reduce the  
overload condition. Limiting is a result of speaker load impedances that  
are too low or input signals that are too high, which drive the outputs  
beyond their operational ranges.  
SIGNAL - When illuminated, it indicates that there is signal at the  
output.  
STATUS - Illuminates in three different colors to indicate current  
operational status of the amplifier.  
Green - Indicates that the amplifier is operating normally.  
Amber - Indicates that the amplifier is in Sleep mode.  
Red - Indicates a fault condition and that the amplifier has dis-  
connected the output load as a safety precaution.  
Rear Controls & Indicators  
Level Controls  
Use the rear-mounted Level Controls on the Black Max amplifier to  
adjust output volume of each channel independently.  
Lo-Cut Switch  
The Lo-Cut filter allows a low frequency roll-off starting at 60Hz to be  
introduced into the signal path preventing the speakers from receiving  
too much low frequency content.The Lo-Cut Filter Switch should be  
turned on when using typical inexpensive, transformer-coupled cone-  
type speakers found in paging systems.  
The Black Max amplifier is a direct-coupled amplifier, which means that  
there are no output transformers used to deliver the 70V audio to the  
speakers. Because of this, the Black Max amplifier has a flat frequency  
response down to and below 20Hz.This extended low frequency oper-  
ation can be troublesome for some transformer-coupled speakers used  
in 70V audio systems. Relatively inexpensive transformers used in some  
speakers cannot handle frequencies below 60Hz. When frequencies  
lower than this are applied to these speakers’ transformers, they can  
saturate causing distortion and high instantaneous power consumption.  
8
 
Operation  
Sleep Switch  
The Black Max amplifier includes a sleep mode feature that greatly  
reduces the power consumption of the amplifier after it has been idle  
(no audio activity) for more than 3 minutes. Any audio activity present  
at the input will power up the amplifier instantaneously and noiseless-  
ly, so that there is no loss of audio.The Sleep Switch is located on the  
rear of the unit.The sleep feature is activated by setting the switch to  
the AUTO position. Setting the switch to the OFF position will inhibit  
the amplifier from ever entering sleep mode.  
Power Sequencing Switch  
The setting of the Power Sequencing Switch on the rear of the Black  
Max amplifier determines how the amplifier will power up.When the  
switch is set to the OFF position, the amplifier will power up and down  
conventionally when the front Power Switch is turned ON and OFF.  
To use the sequencing feature built into the amplifier, the Power  
Sequencing Switch must be placed in the ON position on a slave ampli-  
fier.The slave amplifier will now power up when it receives the proper  
trigger through the terminal strip wiring (see section SequentialTurn-On  
Wiring for proper wiring of the power sequencing terminal strip).With  
the Power Sequencing Switch in the ON position, placing the front  
Power Switch in the ON position will not result in the amplifier turn-  
ing on. It will instead remain in a standby state until triggered through  
the sequencing feature.  
Power Status Indicator  
A Power Status Indicator is provided on the rear of the amplifier.The  
Black Max amplifier has different states of powering up, depending on  
whether power sequencing is used or not.The Power Status Indicator  
provides 3 different status indications:  
Not Lit - Indicates that the unit is not plugged in or is not being  
supplied AC power at the line cord.  
Amber - Indicates that the unit is in standby state where it is being  
supplied with AC power at the line cord but it has either
1) not received the sequencing trigger that will allow it to  
change to the fully-powered state if the Power  
Sequencing Switch is set to ON, or 2) the front Power  
Switch has not been turned ON if the Power Sequencing  
Switch is set to the OFF position.  
Green - Fully-powered, the unit has either: 1) received the  
sequencing trigger if the Power Sequencing Switch is set  
to the ON position, or 2) the unit’s front panel Power  
Switch has been turned ON if the Power Sequencing  
Switch is set to the OFF position.  
9
 
Troubleshooting  
PROBLEM  
CONDITION  
CAUSE  
• Amplifier not plugged in  
• AC outlet dead  
Rear Power Status LED is off.  
UNIT APPEARS  
DEAD  
(NO FRONT  
• Power Switch off  
• Breaker (Power Switch) tripped  
- Turn off, then turn back on  
Power Sequencing Switch set wrong  
- Check SequentialTurn-On section for proper configuration  
Rear Power Status LED  
is amber.  
STATUS LED)  
Master amplifier ON (Rear  
Power Status is green),  
slave amplifiers in chain not  
powering ON (Rear Power  
Status is off).  
• No AC power to amplifier  
SEQUENCING  
NOT  
FUNCTIONING  
CORRECTLY  
Master amplifier ON (Rear  
Power Status is green),  
slave amplifiers in chain not  
powering ON (Rear Power  
Status is amber).  
• Power Switch is off on slave amp  
• Breaker (Power Switch) tripped  
- Turn off, then turn back on  
Rear Power Sequencing Switch is not ON  
• Error in Sequencing wiring between amplifiers  
Status LED is green.  
Signal LED is off.  
• Level Controls turned down  
• No signal from source  
NO SOUND  
Status LED is green.  
Signal LED is green.  
Limit LED is off.  
• Poor/broken speaker wiring  
• Defective speakers  
Status LED is green.  
Signal LED is green.  
Limit LED is off.  
• Input signal level too high  
• Poor speaker connections  
• Lo-Cut Switch set to Flat  
DISTORTED  
SOUND  
• DC level at signal input  
• Load impedance too low  
• Amplifier speaker output is short-circuited  
• Amplifier too hot (check for proper ventilation clearances)  
INTERMITTENT  
OPERATION  
Status LED is red/green cycling.  
• Poor electrical connections at input  
• Input cable routed near AC cables, power transformer, or  
other EMI radiating devices  
Status LED is green.  
Signal LED is green.  
• Electrically noisy devices operating on the same AC circuit  
• Poor equipment grounding  
NOISE/HUM  
- Ensure that all AC safety grounds are connected  
- Make sure that all components in audio chain are tied to the  
same ground  
10  
 
Specifications  
X600  
X450  
X300  
Power Output*  
Input Sensitivity  
600W /Ch @ 70V  
450W / Ch @ 70V  
300W / Ch @ 70V  
1V  
S/N Ratio (20K BW)  
Class of Operation  
Product Weight  
104dB ref. 70V, F.P.  
H
44 lbs.  
46 lbs.  
41 lbs.  
Connector: Power  
Input  
20A line cord  
15A line cord  
15A line cord  
Pluggable 3-pin terminal strips  
Output  
5-pin "touch-proof" Barrier Strip  
20-40kHz .5% THD  
less than .02%  
Power Bandwidth  
THD @ 1kHz Rated Power  
Rated Load Impedance (per Ch.)  
Frequency Response @ 1 watt  
Output Regulation (1kHz direct)  
Inputs  
8 ohms  
11 ohms  
16 ohms  
20-20kHz +/- 0.25dB  
1.5dB @ 70V  
10k-ohm electronically balanced, 3-pin pluggable terminal strip  
Low-Cut Filter  
60Hz, 2nd order roll-off, switch defeatable per channel  
AC Input Voltage Range  
Indicators  
95-130V AC, 60 Hz  
Status, Limit, Signal, AC Power Status (Rear)  
15 to 105 degrees F  
Temperature Range  
Cooling  
Dual Forced Air Variable Speed Fan  
Physical Dimensions (W x H x D)  
Protection  
17" x 3.5" x 16"  
RF, DC, Low-frequency, Thermal, Low-impedance, Circuit Breaker, Short Circuit  
Special Features  
Sequential Turn-On Circuitry (defeatable), Sleep Mode (defeatable),  
Back-Slope AC voltage regulation, Toroidal Power Transformer  
* Both channels driven at nominal line voltage 120V AC, 60Hz.  
11  
 
50 Spring Street, Ramsey, NJ 07446, U.S.A.  
Tel. 201-934-8500; Fax: 201-934-9832; www.bogen.com  
 

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